ABSTRACT
@#This study investigated the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and identified a predictive statistical model for the HBV exposure among people in the community, Yasothon, Thailand. A cross-sectional study was performed on participants over 26 years old and living in Muang district, Yasothon province, Thailand. The research was conducted from July to August 2019. All 1,258 participants were verbally screened. Four hundred and fifty nine people were the risk group and tested for HBsAg, and 18 cases were positive for HBsAg (3.9% [95%CI 3.5-4.4]). For the predictive model, the HBV exposure connected with sex, marital status, alcohol, smoking, and knowledge. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 61.8 % (95%CI, 58.6 to 65.0). At cut-off-point -0.66, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 72.6%, 42.4 % and 53.4%, respectively. HBV infection was a serious health problem, it can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer in the future. The predictive model of five variables can predict risk exposure of HBV which may had other relevant factors. Verbal screening by questionnaire to classify HBsAg risk group can lower the implement cost.
ABSTRACT
Background: Fish-borne trematode infection is a parasitic zoonosis with a great variety of clinical manifestations. According to current information, the metacercaria of heterophyid trematode can be found in freshwater fish, especially the cyprinoid group. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Heterophyidae metacercariae in freshwater fish. Material and methods: A parasitological investigation was done using 129 fish from 17 species: Labiobarbus siamensis, Puntioplites proctozysron Barbodes gonionotus, Barbodes altus, Henicorhynchus siamensis, Hampala macrolepidota, Mystacoleucus marginatus, Notopterus notopterus, Pristolepis fasciatus, Anabas testudineus, Puntius brevis, Poropuntius deauratus, Cyclocheilichthys armatus, Osteochilus hasselti, Labiobarbus spilopleura, Lobocheilus davisi and Rasboratornieri. The fish were caught during the rainy season (June-September 2007) in the Chiang Mai water reservoirs (Mae Ngad and Mae Kuang) and the Chiang Rai water reservoirs (Nong Luang and Mae Tak). Results: The prevalence of heterophyid metacercariae infection at Mae Ngad, Mae Kuang, Nong Luang and Mae tak were 37.83%, 51.35%, 12.00% and 63.33%, respectively. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of Haplorchis metacercarial infection in cyprinoid fish. The highest intensity of heterophyid metacercariae infection in Barbodes gonionotus was in Mae Kuang at 104.
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Background: Food-born trematode infections such as opisthochiasis are major causes of morbidity in Asia. Fish-borne trematode infections are commonly found in the northern and northeastern regions of Thailand. Several species of cyprinoid freshwater fish have been reported as secondary intermediate hosts. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of infections with Opisthorchis viverrini and other intestinal parasites in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, which is an endemic area for minute intestinal fluke infections in Northern Thailand due to environmental characteristics and the traditional consumption of raw fish. Results: Stool samples were collected from 327 subjects from Cho Lae sub-district, Ban Pao sub-district, Mae Taeng district, Luang Nuea sub-district, Doi Saket district, and Nong Yaeng sub-district San Sai district, Chiang Mai. The subject ages were between 10 and 60 years. Of these, 144 were males and 183 were females (male to female ratio 1:1.27). Conclusion: Parasites were found in 36 stool samples (11.0%). The majority of detected parasites (17 cases, 5.2 percent) were Opisthorchis viverrini. Other intestinal parasites included hook-worms, Trichuris trichiura, and minute intestinal flukes. The highest prevalence (31.2%) was found in Cho Lae sub-district, Mae Taeng district. The prevalence of infection was significantly associated with the health behaviour of the subjects. There was no significant association with sex-distribution.
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Background: Enterobius vermicularis (Nematoda: Oxyuroidae) is a nematode worm, parasitic in the intestine of humans, and especially infects school children in most parts of the world. Infection occurs after ingesting drinks or food contaminated by the pinworm eggs. Samut Prakan province is located south-east of the Bangkok metropolitan area.Objective: To analyze enterobiasis infections among Thai school children in Samut Prakan province of Thailand, using a geographic information system.Methods: A total of 1,255 school children from eleven primary schools in the Samut Prakan province were drawn by stratified random sampling and tested for the presence of E. vermicularis eggs from December 2000 to March2001.Results: Diagnostic results and socioeconomic information about students and their families were integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatially interpreted, using SavGIS programmes. Other needed environmental data, extracted from satellite images using remote sensing, was used for further analysis. Laboratory analysis revealed a 17.5% overall prevalence with 10.5% of the children having a low infection rate, 2.6% a moderate, and 4.4% a heavy infection rate. The prevalence of E. vermicularis showed geographical heterogeneity with the lowest prevalence in the provincial administrative center. Parents’ occupation was significantly correlated with the presence of infection.Conclusion: Spatial analysis can help to identify patterns of high risk for enterobiasis otherwise called oxyuriasis.
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Background: Helminth infection is a worldwide problem and prevalent in low income areas. The costs for prevention, treatment and eradication have so far frustrated budgets of global public health systems. Objective: The present study was to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of worm infections in two “Long Neck” hill tribe villages in Mae Hong Son Province of Thailand. We evaluated how epidemiologic characteristics of infection could be used for control and eradication in a cost effective manner. Materials and methods: In January 2002, investigators visited two “long neck” villages. The team explained the purpose of the study and how to collect specimens in the Karen language. The population in the two villages was 300 in 2002. Results: Stool samples were collected from 133 subjects (age range: 1 to 67 years old), 54.1% (72/133) of the subjects were female. The parasites rate was 11% (15/133). Parasites included 8 cases of Trichuris trichiura and 6 cases of hookworm. Conclusion: Most infections (69%) occurred in the 21-30 age-group. By using the present data, the Provincial Health Office in Mae Hong Son conducted mass treatment and was able to target high risk individuals.
ABSTRACT
A parasitological investigation on trematode metacercariae was made on 62 freshwater fishes of 13 species in northern Thailand; Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Puntioplites proctozysron, Labiobarbus siamensis, Barbodes gonionotus, Barbodes altus, Henicorhynchus siamensis, Osteochilus hasselti, Notopterus notopterus, Mystacoleucus marginatus, Anabas testudineus, Systomus orphoides, Morulius chrysophykadian, and Hampala macrolepidota. The fish were caught over the summer period (February-May 2007) from 2 Chiang Mai water reservoirs, i.e., the Mae Ngad (UTM 47Q E 503200, 47Q N 2119300) and the Mae Kuang Udomtara (UTM 47Q E 513000, 47Q N 2092600) Reservoirs in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The prevalence of heterophyid (Haplorchis taichui and Haplorchoides sp.) metacercariae in these fish was 83.9% and 74.2% in the Mae Ngad and Mae Kuang Udomtara Reservoirs, respectively. The highest intensity of heterophyid metacercariae in H. siamensis in the Mae Ngad was 120.4 and that in P. proctozysron in the Mae Kuang Udomtara was 180.0. The fish, A. testudineus, C. apogon, and M. chrysophykadian, were not found to be infected with H. taichui metacercariae. The results show that the freshwater fish in Chiang Mai water reservoirs are heavily infected with H. taichui and Haplorchoides sp. metacercariae.